Brits with 'horrific wounds' from cheap surgery abroad 'bring superbugs to UK'

British patients who have cheap surgery abroad left with “horrific wounds” are bringing dangerous superbugs back to the UK, have warned.

Some have seen a 30% spike in cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria – which can be fatal if it enters the bloodstream – triggered by patients returning from operations overseas. NHS nurses said they had seen a surge in cases of infections and patients dying over the past two years from complications after having overseas surgery - and suggested foreign clinics should pay the NHS compensation when things go wrong.

Some UK patients are enticed abroad by social media marketing which promotes major surgery - like gastric bypass operations or cosmetic procedures - as part of “luxury package holidays”, the Royal College of Nursing annual conference heard this week.

District nurse Nicola Smith, from Slough, said she had been “really shocked” by some of the “horrendous wounds” and infections she had seen in people who had come back from surgery abroad.

In one case, she treated a young woman who had surgery abroad for skin removal after weight loss. Two weeks later the patient’s large thigh wound was only loosely held together with stitches, the tissue was dying and she had developed sepsis.

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She said: "It’s really sad as this procedure was sold to her like a holiday package – all she told me about was how fantastic the hotel was after she'd had her surgery and that they took her back to a posh car.

"A hotel is lovely but it’s no place to be when you’re in pain, when there’s an infection, when you’ve got serious complications. There was no testing, no aftercare for this woman at all. In fact, I'm surprised she made it back on the flight. It's really scary.”

Growing numbers of British patients who face lengthy NHS waiting lists and high costs for private surgery in the UK are travelling abroad for cheap surgery, most often to Turkey and Eastern European nations.

Infection control measures in countries outside the EU can be significantly less rigorous than those in the UK. Here, strict rules ensure operating theatres have regular inspections, are well-ventilated and surgeons use new or sterilised equipment for each patient.

Around 5,000 patients had weight-loss procedures abroad in 2024 – more than the 4,500 people who had the procedure on the NHS in 2021-22, according to a BMJ report. Waiting times for weight-loss surgery on the NHS can be up to four years.

Nykoma Hamilton, an infection control nurse from Fife, in , said patients returning from treatment abroad were increasingly infected with bacteria resistant to the strongest antibiotics used to treat the most severe infections - a group of drugs called carbapenems.

She told the nurses and other delegates at the conference in Liverpool: “Our concerns relate to the fact that a lot of people are colonised with a lot of extensively drug-resistant organisms.”

NHS hospitals and clinics in her area had recorded a “near 30%” increase in detection of carbapenem-resistant bacteria, she said, describing the superbug as the “absolute granddaddy of resistance”.

The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS) has issued a warning about the infection risk of surgery abroad, saying: “Some people are returning with multi-resistant bacteria that are hard to treat and may infect other people”.

The number of antibiotic-resistant infections across the UK has grown by 7% before the pandemic, up from around 62,000 in 2019 to nearly 67,000 in 2023, figures from the UK Health Security Agency show.

Nurses told the RCN debate patients should be free to choose where to have treatment but needed better information about how to check clinics were safe and what aftercare would be provided.

And they suggested the NHS should not have to shoulder the burden for mistakes made abroad. Ms Hamilton said foreign clinics should have to cover patients with an insurance policy, so that the NHS could claim compensation if it had to treat complications later.

An investigation published by the last year found NHS hospitals were spending more treating complications from people having cheap surgery abroad than they were on providing the treatment to NHS patients. Complications included infections, sepsis, excessive bleeding and severe malnutrition.

Speaking after the debate, RCN head of nursing Carli Whittaker said: “The trend of patients travelling to other countries for treatment can pose difficulties, including adequate aftercare once home and the risk of infection post-operation.

“Very high waiting lists are a prominent factor, with some deciding to pursue treatment overseas rather than be forced to wait months, sometimes years, in the UK. Nursing staff will always provide the best care for those suffering from the complications of surgery abroad, but the issue must be tackled at its root."